农村卫生资源配置公平性研究——基于2003-2005年黑龙江省13个地区的数据分析

运用多种评价指标研究黑龙江省农村卫生资源配置公平性,发现黑龙江省十三个地区各类卫生资源的三种公平性指数高度一致;卫生资源主要是按人口分布配置的,且公平性在逐渐降低;哈尔滨市、绥化市等地区资源配置公平性较高.同时显示政府的认识和重视程度影响资源配置的公平性.     

Students' gendered perceptions of mathematics in middle grades single‐sex and coeducational classrooms

With the introduction of single‐sex classroom settings in coeducational public schools, there is an ongoing debate as to whether single‐sex education may reduce or reinforce traditional stereotypes and gender roles. In this article we present findings from a study that investigated the extent to which mathematics is perceived as a gendered domain among adolescent students enrolled in single‐sex classes and coeducational classes. Further we analyzed the relationships between student characteristics, class‐type, and teacher variables on students' perceptions of gender in mathematics. Findings from this study challenge the traditional view of mathematics as a male domain. Female participants more frequently considered mathematics to be a female domain than the male participants. Male participants, on the other hand, typically did not stereotype the mathematics as a gendered domain. Results from this study do not indicate, for girls at least, that participation in single‐sex classes results in a greater propensity to stereotype mathematics as a gendered domain than would be the case in coeducational classes. This study contributes to the evolving discourse and understanding of adolescents' gendered attitudes and beliefs towards mathematics—especially in light of stereotyped assertions that have a bearing on efforts to promote the learning of mathematics and science.     

高管个人特征对股权激励模式选择的影响研究

上市公司股权激励模式的选择问题一直受社会各界关注。本文利用2006年到2017年期间实施股权激励的上市公司数据,研究了高管个人特征如何对股权激励模式的选择产生影响。结果表明,被激励高管的个人特征如高管年龄、任期、学历与社会资本显著影响公司股权激励模式的选择,年龄越大、任期越久、学历越高、社会资本越丰富的高管,公司更倾向选择限制性股票激励模式;男性高管越多的公司,越倾向选择股票期权激励模式,然而性别对其影响并不显著。本文在经过一系列的稳健性和内生性检验后,研究结论依然成立。本文研究结果丰富了股权激励相关理论,并为上市公司科学合理地选择股权激励模式提供参考。     

我国国债发行规模的计量分析

国债发行是我国政府弥补财政收支差额、缓解财政压力和实施宏观经济调控的重要工具.国债发行规模是否适度既直接影响政府宏观调控力度和效果,也关系到国民经济健康有序运行及社会安定、其研究具有重要的理论和现实意义.本文从计量经济模型和定量分析的角度,在研究影响国债规模的主要因素的基础上,通过建立有关计量经济模型,运用1981-2005年的样本数据,利用EVIEWS 4.0软件进行分析和预测.文章认为国家财政收支差额和还本付息是影响我国国债发行规模的最重要因素;长期以来,我国实行以弥补财政收支差额和国债还本付息(发新债还旧债)为主要内容的积极型国债政策,国债规模相对过大,今后应适当压缩国债发行规模,转变为稳健的国债政策,更加有效地发挥国债在促进经济社会发展中的作用.     

基于序关系的竞赛评委评价方法

在特定的一种基于“平均分”的竞赛评阅方案下,对评委的阅卷水平、公正性进行分析,提出若干仅依赖于原始打分数据的量化指标,强调了序关系的重要性,可以较为准确的评价各个评委的水平和公正性.最后,对原评阅方案的优缺点进行定性讨论.     

Time-invariant portfolio strategies in structured products with guaranteed minimum equity exposure

We introduce a new exotic option to be used within structured products to address a key disadvantage of standard time-invariant portfolio protection: the well-known cash-lock risk. Our approach suggests enriching the framework by including a threshold in the allocation mechanism so that a guaranteed minimum equity exposure (GMEE) is ensured at any point in time. To be able to offer such a solution still with hard capital protection, we apply an option-based structure with a dynamic allocation logic as underlying. We provide an in-depth analysis of the prices of such new exotic options, assuming a Heston–Vasicek-type financial market model, and compare our results with other options used within structured products. Our approach represents an interesting alternative for investors aiming at downsizing protection via time-invariant portfolio protection strategies, meanwhile being also afraid to experience a cash-lock event triggered by market turmoils.     

An optimal investment strategy in bank management

This paper considers the application of stochastic optimization theory to asset and capital adequacy management in banking. The Basel II Capital Accord lays down regulations to control bank behaviour, and relies on regulatory ratios such as the capital adequacy ratio (CAR). In an attempt to address the problem of compliance to minimum CAR and under assumptions about retained earnings, loan‐loss reserves, the market and shareholder‐bank owner relationships, we construct a continuous‐time model of the Basel II CAR which is computed from the total risk‐weighted assets (TRWAs) and bank capital in a stochastic setting. In particular, we derive an optimal equity allocation strategy for the bank and monitor the performance of the Basel II CAR under the allocation strategy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

决策层背景多样性何以影响企业技术创新投资导向？——股权结构的调节效应检验

本文以深圳证券交易所2013~2017年创业板313家上市企业为样本,实证分析了决策层背景多样性对企业技术创新投资导向的影响以及股权结构(股权集中度和股权制衡度)的调节效应。研究表明:决策层背景多样性的三个分维度(决策层受教育程度、行业经验和任职经历的技术性背景)均对企业技术创新投资导向有显著正影响;股权集中度对决策层行业经验和任职经历的技术性背景均有显著负影响;股权集中度在决策层背景多样性与企业技术创新投资导向之间有负向调节效应;股权制衡度在决策层背景多样性与企业技术创新投资导向之间有正向调节效应。研究结论对于企业在股权结构优化、决策层建设以及技术创新投资导向的设计等方面具有积极的借鉴意义和启示。     

金融控股集团内部风险传染研究

金融控股集团特有的经济关系形成集团内部错综复杂的经济网络,本文基于集团内部的股权结构和关联交易形成有向网络,构建金融控股集团内部风险传染的模型。研究结果表明:持股对手数量超过某一临界值时,风险被集团成员共同分担,成员仅需承担较小的破产成本,集团稳定;持股对手数量固定时,集团内部风险传染情况与持股比重之间不存在单调关系。集团在持股对手数量和持股比重之间存在权衡,以此减小集团内部风险传播的可能性。此外,当集团成员爆发危机后,关联交易将增大集团成员的损失,从而扩大风险以及风险传播范围。本文为金融控股集团股权分配和关联交易规模提供了理论指导。     

Multiple criteria linear programming model for portfolio selection

The portfolio selection problem is usually considered as a bicriteria optimization problem where a reasonable trade-off between expected rate of return and risk is sought. In the classical Markowitz model the risk is measured with variance, thus generating a quadratic programming model. The Markowitz model is frequently criticized as not consistent with axiomatic models of preferences for choice under risk. Models consistent with the preference axioms are based on the relation of stochastic dominance or on expected utility theory. The former is quite easy to implement for pairwise comparisons of given portfolios whereas it does not offer any computational tool to analyze the portfolio selection problem. The latter, when used for the portfolio selection problem, is restrictive in modeling preferences of investors. In this paper, a multiple criteria linear programming model of the portfolio selection problem is developed. The model is based on the preference axioms for choice under risk. Nevertheless, it allows one to employ the standard multiple criteria procedures to analyze the portfolio selection problem. It is shown that the classical mean-risk approaches resulting in linear programming models correspond to specific solution techniques applied to our multiple criteria model. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.